Ubiquitin-like modifier which can be covalently attached via an isopeptide bond to lysine residues of substrate proteins as a monomer or a lysine-linked polymer . The so-called ufmylation, requires the UFM1-activating E1 enzyme UBA5, the UFM1-conjugating E2 enzyme UFC1, and the UFM1-ligase E3 enzyme UFL1 . Ufmylation is involved in reticulophagy (also called ER-phagy) induced in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress . Ufmylation of TRIP4 regulates nuclear receptors-mediated transcription .
Nucleus . Cytoplasm .
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