5'-3' DNA helicase involved in DNA damage response by acting as an inhibitor of DNA end resection . Recruitment to single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) following DNA damage leads to inhibit the nucleases catalyzing resection, such as EXO1, BLM and DNA2, possibly via the 5'-3' ssDNA translocase activity of HELB . As cells approach S phase, DNA end resection is promoted by the nuclear export of HELB following phosphorylation . Acts independently of TP53BP1 . Unwinds duplex DNA with 5'-3' polarity. Has single-strand DNA-dependent ATPase and DNA helicase activities. Prefers ATP and dATP as substrates . During S phase, may facilitate cellular recovery from replication stress .
Nucleus . Cytoplasm . Chromosome . Predominantly nuclear (PubMed:15146062). Phosphorylation at Ser-967 by CDK2 during the G1/S transition results in its nuclear export into the cytoplasm as cells approach and progress through S phase (PubMed:15146062). Following DNA damage, recruited to sites of double-strand breaks by the RPA complex (PubMed:26774285). Recruited to chromatin following DNA damage induced by UV irradiation, or camptothecin or hydroxyurea treatment (PubMed:22194613). .
Highly expressed in testis and thymus and weakly in liver, spleen, kidney and brain.
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