induction:By troglitazone and pioglitazone (selective PPARG agonists), by prostaglandin J2 (PGJ2) and by L165,041 (a PPARD ligand), by vitamin D3 and, to a lesser extent, by PMA (phorbol myristate acetate) in the promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells. No induction by retinoic acid, nor by clofibrate (a specific PPARA agonist).,similarity:Belongs to the arrestin family.,subcellular location:Associated with plasma membrane, as well as with endodomes and lysosomes during endocytosis.,subunit:Does not bind TXN (thioredoxin).,tissue specificity:Highly expressed in skeletal muscle, placenta, kidney, adrenal gland, lymph node, mammary gland, thyroid, and trachea. Very low levels in colon, thymus, spleen, small intestine, bladder and bone marrow. Strong expression in differentiated adipocytes compared to preadipocytes.,
Cytoplasm . Cell membrane ; Peripheral membrane protein ; Cytoplasmic side . Lysosome . Endosome . Early endosome . Associated with plasma membrane, as well as with endosomes and lysosomes during endocytosis (PubMed:16269462, PubMed:23208550, PubMed:20559325). .
Highly expressed in skeletal muscle, placenta, kidney, lung, liver, blood, adrenal gland, lymph node, mammary gland, thyroid, and trachea (PubMed:16269462, PubMed:21982743). Very low levels in colon, thymus, spleen, small intestine, bladder and bone marrow (PubMed:16269462). Strong expression in differentiated adipocytes compared to preadipocytes (PubMed:16269462). Detected in omental fat and subcutaneous fat tissue (PubMed:21982743).
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