function:Binds preferentially single-stranded DNA and unwinds double stranded DNA.,similarity:Belongs to the HMGB family.,similarity:Contains 2 HMG box DNA-binding domains.,
Nucleus . Chromosome . Cytoplasm . Secreted . Cell membrane ; Peripheral membrane protein ; Extracellular side . Endosome . Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment . In basal state predominantly nuclear. Shuttles between the cytoplasm and the nucleus (PubMed:12231511, PubMed:17114460). Translocates from the nucleus to the cytoplasm upon autophagy stimulation (PubMed:20819940). Release from macrophages in the extracellular milieu requires the activation of NLRC4 or NLRP3 inflammasomes (By similarity). Passively released to the extracellular milieu from necrotic cells by diffusion, involving the fully reduced HGMB1 which subsequently gets oxidized (PubMed:19811284). Also released from apoptotic cells (PubMed:16855214, PubMed:18631454). Active secretion from a variety of immune and non-immune cells such as macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, dendritic cells and natural killer cells in response to various stimuli such as LPS and cytokines involves a nonconventional secretory process via secretory lysosomes (PubMed:12231511, PubMed:14532127, PubMed:15944249). Secreted by plasma cells in response to LPS (By similarity). Found on the surface of activated platelets (PubMed:11154118). An increased chromatin association is observed when associated with the adenovirus protein pVII (PubMed:27362237). .
Ubiquitous. Expressed in platelets (PubMed:11154118).
下载说明书
