ATP- and magnesium-dependent helicase that plays an essential role in innate immunity . Participates in the DNA-triggered cGAS/STING pathway by promoting the DNA binding and activation of CGAS. Enhances also DDX58-induced type I interferon production probably by helping DDX58 at sensing pathogenic RNA . In addition, plays an essential role in stress granule formation . Unwinds preferentially partial DNA and RNA duplexes having a 17 bp annealed portion and either a hanging 3' tail or hanging tails at both 5'- and 3'-ends . Unwinds DNA/DNA, RNA/DNA, and RNA/RNA substrates with comparable efficiency . Acts unidirectionally by moving in the 5' to 3' direction along the bound single-stranded DNA . Phosphorylation-dependent sequence-specific endoribonuclease in vitro . Cleaves exclusively between cytosine and adenine and cleaves MYC mRNA preferentially at the 3'-UTR .
Cytoplasm, cytosol . Perikaryon . Cytoplasm, Stress granule . Nucleus . Cytoplasmic in proliferating cells (PubMed:11604510). Cytosolic and partially nuclear in resting cells (PubMed:11604510). Recruited to stress granules in response to arsenite treatment (PubMed:12642610, PubMed:20180778). The unphosphorylated form is recruited to stress granules (PubMed:12642610). HRAS signaling contributes to this process by regulating G3BP dephosphorylation (PubMed:12642610). .
Ubiquitous.
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