catalytic activity:2-phospho-D-glycerate = phosphoenolpyruvate + H(2)O.,cofactor:Magnesium. Required for catalysis and for stabilizing the dimer.,developmental stage:During ontogenesis, there is a transition from the alpha/alpha homodimer to the alpha/beta heterodimer in striated muscle cells, and to the alpha/gamma heterodimer in nerve cells.,disease:Defects in ENO3 are the cause of muscle-specific enolase-beta deficiency (glycogenesis type XIII) [MIM:131370]. It is a glycogen storage myopathy which results in exercise-induced myalgias, generalized muscle weakness and fatigability. Dramatically reduced protein levels with focal sarcoplasmic accumulation of glycogen-beta particles are detected in patients.,function:Appears to have a function in striated muscle development and regeneration.,pathway:Carbohydrate degradation; glycolysis; pyruvate from D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate: step 4/5.,similarity:Belongs to the enolase family.,subcellular location:Localized to the Z line. Some colocalization with CKM at M-band.,subunit:Mammalian enolase is composed of 3 isozyme subunits, alpha, beta and gamma, which can form homodimers or heterodimers which are cell-type and development-specific. Interacts with PNKD.,tissue specificity:The alpha/alpha homodimer is expressed in embryo and in most adult tissues. The alpha/beta heterodimer and the beta/beta homodimer are found in striated muscle, and the alpha/gamma heterodimer and the gamma/gamma homodimer in neurons.,
Cytoplasm. Localized to the Z line. Some colocalization with CKM at M-band (By similarity). .
The alpha/alpha homodimer is expressed in embryo and in most adult tissues. The alpha/beta heterodimer and the beta/beta homodimer are found in striated muscle, and the alpha/gamma heterodimer and the gamma/gamma homodimer in neurons.
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