function:Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor inhibits trypsin, plasmin, and lysosomal granulocytic elastase. Inhibits calcium oxalate crystallization.,function:Trypstatin is a trypsin inhibitor.,miscellaneous:In vitro, the first twelve residues of the amino end of the inhibitor appear to have a reactive site capable of inhibiting the activity of a number of enzymes. Its in vivo function is not known.,PTM:3-hydroxykynurenine, an oxidized tryptophan metabolite that is common in biological fluids, reacts with Cys-53, Lys-111, Lys-137, and Lys-149 to form heterogeneous polycyclic chromophores including hydroxanthommatin. The reaction by alpha-1-microglobulin is autocatalytic; the human protein forms chromophore even when expressed in insect and bacterial cells. The chromophore can react with accessible cysteines forming non-reducible thioether cross-links with other molecules of alpha-1-microglobulin or with other proteins such as Ig alpha-1 chain C region 'Cys-352'.,PTM:Addition of glycosaminoglycan chondroitin sulfate, allows cross-linking between the different components.,PTM:Heavy chains are interlinked with bikunin via a chondroitin 4-sulfate bridge to the their C-terminal aspartate.,PTM:The precursor is proteolytically processed into separately functioning proteins.,similarity:Contains 1 BPTI/Kunitz inhibitor domain.,similarity:Contains 2 BPTI/Kunitz inhibitor domains.,similarity:In the N-terminal section; belongs to the calycin superfamily. Lipocalin family.,subunit:I-alpha-I plasma protease inhibitors are assembled from one or two heavy chains (H1, H2 or H3) and one light chain, bikunin. Inter-alpha-inhibitor (I-alpha-I) is composed of H1, H2 and bikunin, inter-alpha-like inhibitor (I-alpha-LI) of H2 and bikunin, and pre-alpha-inhibitor (P-alpha-I) of H3 and bikunin. Alpha-1-microglobulin occurs as a monomer and also in complexes with IgA and albumin. Alpha-1-microglobulin interacts with FN1. Trypstatin is a monomer and also occurs as a complex with tryptase in mast cells (By similarity). Alpha-1-microglobulin and bikunin interact (via SH3 domain) with HEV ORF3 protein.,tissue specificity:Expressed by the liver and secreted in plasma. Alpha-1-microglobulin occurs in many physiological fluids including plasma, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid. Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor is present in plasma and urine.,
[Alpha-1-microglobulin]: Secreted . Endoplasmic reticulum . Cytoplasm, cytosol . Cell membrane ; Peripheral membrane protein . Nucleus membrane ; Peripheral membrane protein . Mitochondrion inner membrane ; Peripheral membrane protein . Secreted, extracellular space, extracellular matrix . The cellular uptake occurs via a non-endocytotic pathway and allows for localization to various membrane structures. A specific binding to plasma membrane suggests the presence of a cell receptor, yet to be identified. Directly binds collagen fibers type I. .
[Alpha-1-microglobulin]: Expressed by the liver and secreted in plasma. Occurs in many physiological fluids including plasma, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid (PubMed:11877257). Expressed in epidermal keratinocytes, in dermis and epidermal-dermal junction (at protein level) (PubMed:22096585). Expressed in red blood cells (at protein level) (PubMed:32092412). Expressed in placenta (PubMed:21356557). ; [Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor light chain]: Expressed in airway epithelium and submucosal gland (at protein level). Colocalizes with TNFAIP6 at the ciliary border. Present in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (at protein level).
下载说明书
