disease:Defects in NPPA are the cause of atrial fibrillation familial type 6 (ATFB6) [MIM:612201]. Atrial fibrillation is a common disorder of cardiac rhythm that is hereditary in a small subgroup of patients. It is characterized by disorganized atrial electrical activity, progressive deterioration of atrial electromechanical function and ineffective pumping of blood into the ventricles. It can be associated with palpitations, syncope, thromboembolic stroke, and congestive heart failure.,function:A potent vasoactive substance which is thought to play a key role in cardiovascular homeostasis. Has a cGMP-stimulating activity.,online information:Atrial natriuretic peptide entry,polymorphism:There are two different prepronatriodilatin alleles. One codes for 2 Arg residues at the C-terminus that are cleaved to form the mature peptide, while the other ends in a termination codon immediately after the last codon of the mature peptide.,similarity:Belongs to the natriuretic peptide family.,subunit:Interacts with NPR3.,
[Long-acting natriuretic peptide]: Secreted . Detected in blood. .; [Vessel dilator]: Secreted . Detected in blood. .; [Kaliuretic peptide]: Secreted . Detected in blood. .; [Urodilatin]: Secreted . Detected in urine (PubMed:2972874, PubMed:9794555, PubMed:8351194, PubMed:8779891). Not detected in blood (PubMed:8351194). Increased electrolytes, osmolality and intracellular cAMP levels increase peptide secretion/excretion (PubMed:9893117, PubMed:8853410, PubMed:8351194, PubMed:8779891). .; [Atrial natriuretic peptide]: Secreted . Perikaryon . Cell projection . Detected in blood (PubMed:8351194, PubMed:8779891, PubMed:7955907, PubMed:8653797, PubMed:15741263, PubMed:18835931, PubMed:2532366, PubMed:7984506). Detected in urine in one study (PubMed:8351194). However, in another study, was not detected in urine (PubMed:7984506). Detected in cytoplasmic bodies and neuronal processes of pyramidal neurons (layers II-VI) (PubMed:30534047). Increased secretion in response to the vasopressin AVP (By similarity). Likely to be secreted in response to an increase in atrial pressure or atrial stretch (PubMed:2532366). In kidney cells, secretion increases in response to activated guanylyl cyclases and increased intracellular cAMP levels (PubMed:9893117). Plasma levels increase 15 minutes after a high-salt meal, and decrease back to normal plasma levels 1 hr later (PubMed:8779891). .; [Atriopeptin-3]: Secreted . Detected in blood. Slight increase in secretion in response to the vasopressin AVP. .
[Urodilatin]: Detected in the kidney distal tubular cells (at protein level) (PubMed:9794555, PubMed:8384600). Present in urine (at protein level) (PubMed:2972874, PubMed:9794555, PubMed:8351194, PubMed:8779891). ; [Atrial natriuretic peptide]: Detected in atrial and ventricular plasma samples, and in adipocytes (at protein level) (PubMed:22291141, PubMed:21672517). Detected in urine in one study (PubMed:8351194). However, was not detected in urine in another study (PubMed:7984506). In the brain, predominantly expressed in the gray matter with very weak expression in the white matter (at protein level) (PubMed:30534047). Localizes to astrocyte-like structures throughout the white matter, and in the cerebral vessels detected in the leptomeningeal and parenchymal vessels, and endothelium and smooth muscle layers (at protein level) (PubMed:30534047). Relatively low levels of expression in the kidneys compared to urodilatin (at protein level) (PubMed:9794555, PubMed:8384600).
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